The Death Of An Athlete Dying Young By. Housman - 854 Words

â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, by A.E. Housman, is a thought provoking elegy. The poem is about the early demise of an accomplished runner. Surely, it is sad when someone dies too soon especially when there is so much to look forward to. One may ask, â€Å"Is there an advantage of dying young?† Well, there is! In this poem, Housman shows the silver lining to dying young during the height of one’s success. The first stanza of the poem starts off in a happy mood. Housman use imagery to establish the fame and glory of a young athlete. The speaker reminisces about the time when the young athlete was coming home after he won a race. It also establishes the relationship between the athlete and the people in his town. On his way home, people gather around the market-place to watch and cheer for him. To the people, he is not merely an athlete. He is their hometown hero. He is the glory of the town. The young athlete relishes in the fame as the people carry him high up on their shoulders and parade him home. But the happiness quickly changes in the second stanza. The second stanza begins with a time shift from reminiscing of the past to the present. The mood of the poem also makes a dramatic shift from happy to solemn. â€Å"Today, the road all runners come/ Shoulder-high we bring you home.† (â€Å"Housman† 5-6). Even though it is not clearly stated that the young runner died, the title of the poem makes it obvious. The â€Å"road† is a metaphor for death. It is a path that we are all going down. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of An Athlete Dying Young1640 Words   |  7 PagesHousman s To An Athlete Dying Young A. E. Housman s To an Athlete Dying Young, also known as Lyric XIX in A Shropshire Lad, holds as its main theme the premature death of a young athlete as told from the point of view of a friend serving as pall bearer. The poem reveals the concept that those dying at the peak of their glory or youth are really quite lucky. The first few readings of To an Athlete Dying Young provides the reader with an understanding of Housman s view of death. AdditionalRead MoreThe Book Thief Literary Analysis1198 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I [Death] am haunted by humans† (Zusak 550). This example of imagery, a literary device, in The Book Thief juxtaposed how Death was haunted by the cruelty of human action, just as how humans were haunted by Death. Literary devices were implemented by authors to create gripping stories that they wanted to share with their readers. Novelist Aldous Huxley once said that â€Å"the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about everything†. While casual readers may not realize the intricaciesRead MoreThe Glorification Of Dying Young1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glorification of Dying Young The poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† by A. E. Housman depicts the funeral of a young champion runner, who has died at the peak of his youth and athletic career. The poem makes note of the sorrow of a young life being cut short, but also glorifies the death of the athlete for capturing the young runner in the prime of his life. Housman’s poem was written in the form of the classical lyric poem, which could be influenced by Housman’s early tutoring in Greek and LatinRead Moreto an athlete dying young959 Words   |  4 Pagessociety tries is unavoidable: dying young. However, Housman explores the idea that dying young is not always negative. In A. E. Housman’s poem, â€Å"To An Athlete Dying Young,† he addresses this very common, fear in human nature. The unescapable outcome of death, as a fear, is due to human nature, with every single person wanting to live the longest most successful life, they can, but in the end never avoiding death.. Hous man, unlike the majority of people, embraces dying young in a positive manner. He avoidsRead MoreEssay on Analysis of to an Athlete Dying Young1131 Words   |  5 Pagesof â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† In his poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, A.E. Housman makes a quite different approach on death. People have different perspectives on death, but more often than not, it is viewed as an undesirable event that people wish to avoid. The speaker in the poem, however, praises a young and famous athlete for dying before he became old and forgotten. This can be interpreted two very different ways. One can assume Housman believes that the only way for athletes to captureRead MoreContrast Essay: To an Athlete Dying Young vs. Ex-Basketball Player1572 Words   |  7 PagesEssay: To An Athlete Dying Young vs. Ex-Basketball Player â€Å"To An Athlete Dying Young† and â€Å"Ex-Basketball Player† share the lives of two very different athletes. Both experience success in their lives, but one dies with his glory while the other lives past his days of glory and works at a gas pump where he is not recognized. The poems discuss the importance of having glory and keeping that glory as long as possible. Through the poems the readers learn the benefits of dying young as well as theRead MoreDeath Is One Of People’S Worst Anxieties That Many Realize1187 Words   |  5 PagesDeath is one of people’s worst anxieties that many realize that it is inevitable to â€Å"cease.† Death deprives one from their future and worldly affairs. The crux of universal fear of death is not the loss of the actual state of livelihood, but the loss of worldly matters such as success, fame, recognition, and gratification. Thanatophobia only exists because death is always perceived as painful and sinister. Peop le truly fear not accomplishing their duties in the human life. The most common ambitionRead More Housman’s Poem, To an Athlete Dying Young Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesHousman’s most famous volume of work called A Shropshire Lad. In these works Housman wanted the reader to think about life and the meaning of it all. In one of Housman’s most celebrated poems â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, Critics dissect the themes of staying on top eternally, dying when one is a champion, and not letting the fame fade. Critic Scott-Kilvert says that Housman â€Å"voices the familiar passions of humanity with a death dealing sweetness† (Scott-Kilvert 628) This poem may be considered an elegyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem An Athlete Dying Young 1352 Words   |  6 PagesSo many young athlete’s keep on their mind the fame, fortune, victories, and championships that come with being a good athlete. Some young athletes take hold of the feeling of being invincible and feel like they are on top of the world. Some people wonder what it would take to get this young athlete off this feeling and come down to reality. The answer is quite simple and unforgettable. The answer is death. Death comes to everyone, even if you are a state champion, star track runner, or captainRead MoreAn Athlete Dying Young By Alfred Edward2357 Words   |  10 PagesTo an Athlete Dying Young by Alfred Edward (A.E.) Housman is a fairly short, yet powerful poem. This poem is extremely relatable to anyone who is an athlete or knows one. The reader finds themes related to death and pride. Housman’s writing style, imagery, the context in which this was wr itten and his views on athletes contribute to the themes of this poem. Housman’s writing style has been described as very realistic, which in return creates a pessimistic feeling. E. Christian Kopff writes that

Essay on Reform Between 1825 And 1850 - 1352 Words

While some citizens of the United States, between 1825 and 1850, believed that reform was foolish and that the nation should stick to its old conduct, reformists in this time period still sought to make the United States a more ideally democratic nation. This was an age of nationalism and pride, and where there was pride in one’s country, there was the aspiration to improve one’s country even further. Many new reformist and abolitionist groups began to form, all attempting to change aspects of the United States that the respective groups thought to be unfair or unjust. Some groups, such as lower and middle class women and immigrants, sought to improve rights within the county, while other reformers aspired to change the American education†¦show more content†¦She also brings to attention how they are fighting for the right to vote, when their own form of government, being the democracy that it is, should permit women the right to vote initially. (Doc F) However , these women battled on and on to gain their rights, and make this country a truly democratic nation. Others, such as immigrants, fought to make it possible for success in America. Due to the naturalization act, an immigrant must remain in the United States for at least 14 years before becoming a United States citizen and being able to really have any impact on the country at all. Samuel F.B. Morse, in his Imminent Dangers to the Free Institutions of the United States brings the subject of the Naturalization Act to the country’s attention and attempts to change this act, in fear of a conspiracy against immigration. (Doc D) No matter what obstacles were thrown into the path of these groups battling on for reform, they didn’t concede. The reformist groups persevered and fought to expand America’s democratic ideals. While attempting to change certain groups’ rights was crucial, an almost equally pressing issue of reform at the time was society. Across the country, increasing the morality and appearance of United States citizens had suddenly become a much more pressing issue, and various reform assemblies, and especially the church, struggled to improve society in ways they thought helpful. Due to the mass urbanization occurring so rapidly,Show MoreRelated2002 Ap Dbq: Reform Movements Essay604 Words   |  3 PagesBetween the years 1825 and 1850, the US underwent a series of social and political reforms which attempted to democratize American life. Reform movements during this period of Jacksonian Democracy attempted to dissolve disunity in the social ladder and pushed for equal rights among all citizens. Stemming from the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century, many of these reforms were backed by religious ideals over democratic principles. At the forefront of the cause, h owever, was the hopeRead MoreReform Movements in Second Great Awakening Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pages‘Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850.’ Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals from the quarter century time period of 1825-1850 also known as the Second Great Awakening. These democratic ideals included voting for everyone eighteen and older (with the exception of minors, women, insane, and criminals), freedom of expression, press, speechRead MoreThe Age Of Jackson Was A Time Of Tremendous Reform With American Society And Politics1128 Words   |  5 PagesDemocratic Ideals DBQ Between the years 1825 and 1850, the US underwent a series of social and political reforms which attempted to democratize American life. The Age of Jackson was a time of tremendous reform with American society and politics. Andrew Jackson’s position as president lasted from 1829-1837, therefore the fact that many writers and historians have attached his name to the time period between 1820 and 1850 indicates the high importance of his spirit of the reform. During this period,Read MoreReform Movements in the United States Sought to Expand Democratic Ideals. Assess the Validity of This Statement with Specific Reference to the Years 1825 to 1850.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesideals in the society. In response to sudden changes occurring and traditional values being challenged, various reform movements during 1825-1850 began to focus on democratic ideals. The rise of religious revivals, movements for equal rights and protecting liberties of different social groups, want to advance so ciety technologically, and desire to bring order and control helped reform the society to live up to the nation’s founding ideals. Teaching them (I don’t get who â€Å"them† is) the habits of thriftRead MoreA Step Towards Democracy: The Jacksonain Era848 Words   |  4 PagesThe years between 1825 through 1850 were filled with reforms ranging from political reforms to religious reforms. This era is commonly known as the Jacksonian Era. Prior to the Jacksonian Era, the early 19th century was classified to be a period of extreme instability. The Jacksonian Era involved many new ideas such as King Mob, the spoils system, expansion towards the West, and the Bank War. These characteristics of the Jacksonian Era brought stability and set a foundation for which its people couldRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pages2011 DBQ: (Form A) 1. Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the politicalRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pages3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. †¢ Politics †¢ Social conditions †¢ Labor and working conditions 5. 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in theRead MoreNew South Wales s Impact On Social And Economic Development2903 Words   |  12 Pagesmany forms as public works, churches and charitable institutions creating employment and commerce. He also sought a strong relationship with the Aborigines that helped create peace unity with the Europeans that would settle in New South Wales. In 1810-1850, the social and political development in New South Wales saw a rise in squattocracy and the formation of political groups in Sydney with new demands. It remains significant to explore why New South Wales was given self-government with focus socialRead MoreThe Victorian Er The Beginnings Of A Modern World1534 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria died in 1901, the British Empire extended over around one-fifth of the Earth’s surface, and almost one fourth of the world’s population was under British control (Evans). The Victorian Era was a period of technological advancement, social reform, and political change. The Victorian Era is also known as the Industrial Revolution because of the many advancements in technology. â€Å"In many ways, the Victorians owe their unique place in history to their imaginative and successful exploitationRead MoreA SELECTION OF PAST AP U.S. FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS:3529 Words   |  15 Pagesfollowing groups to the Indians of North America before 1750. British French Spanish (2000) 8. How did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? (2001) 9. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society (to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: New England Chesapeake Middle Atlantic (2002) 10. Compare the ways in which TWO of the

Global Issues in Employment Relations

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Issues in Employment Relations. Answer: Introduction The term collective bargaining refers to negotiations between employers and one or more groups of employees.RefThe employee group may represent worker groups or trade unions and are usually in negotiations for improvement of working conditions of workers, hike in wage,and re-negotiation terms ofemployment or so on. Collective bargaining is a very strong tool for employees when renegotiating new termsof employment, insisting on adherence to regulations, improvements in working conditions and so on. The decline of trade unions has resulted in a significant decline of power for workers who are now at the mercy of capitalist entrepreneurs, boards or governments.Ref Chosen Journal Articles: Pulignano, V., Doerflinger, N. De Franceschi, F., 2016. Flexibility and Security within European Labor Markets: The Role of Local Bargaining and the "Trade-Offs" within Multinationals Subsidiaries in Belgium, Britain, and Germany. ILR Review, vol. 69, No. 3, pp.605-630. This is a comparative study that examines the impact of local bargaining power on both the flexibility of labour as well as the security policies with regards to employment. the aim of this study is to examine the impact of the structural power of workers on the overall tradeoffs. The qualitative study is conducted in four multinational subsidiaries spread across Germany Belgium and Britain. Bargaining power provides workers with sensitive and strong means of negotiating improved terms of employment with employers. From this it follows that the very base of trade union negotiations commence from the collective bargaining power of workers. very structure of trade unions is dependent on the differences in the structural power of workers working in different countries. The attitudes of people and their needs tend to vary from country to country and this is reflected in the negotiations between employers and employee groups including trade unions. The easiest manner to put across the power of collective bargaining would be to compare the bargaining power of a single worker to that of an organized group called trade union. The bargaining power of trade unions increases exponentially with an increase in density and based on the profitability of the firm. Interestingly in case of larger unions the negotiations are done with a group of companies as opposed to a single company. In such a case the trade union is able to negotiate a similar deal for all workers across the various companies. Their collective bargaining power is also higher. Furthermore, the power of trade unions is intensified due to their political leanings and the political support extended to them by various parties. The union funds provide for a provision of funds for workers to go on a long term strike in case their needs are not met by the employers.The major limitation of this study was lack of secondary information. In case of industries that are highly dependent on labour for its functioning, it can even result in lockouts and heavy losses for the company. Most companies try to avoid such dire situations and try to negotiate for a lower settlement that what is asked for by the trade unions. If the trade unions are strong, then they are able to ensure that theirtermsare met unconditionally. Alternatively, they agree for a mid way settlement.The circumstances mentioned above however, only hold true for cases where collective bargaining power is in the hands of workers and there remains a low rate of unemployment, making the availability of workers dear. The improvements in technology in Germany has resulted in the need for fewer employees in many industries which have shifted to being technology centric, in a bid to increase outputs while doingaway with the vulgarizes associated with manual labour and trade unions. (8). This move, particularly in Germany and its multi-national subsidiaries across Belgiumand Britain has resulted ina significant erosion of bargaining power for trade unions, creating the current situation of lower workers in industries. This has been amply compensated by the absorption of these employees in various subsidiaries and alternative units and thus trade unions are able to negotiate a tradeoff through a structural shift in power of workers. Addison, J., Bryson, A., Teixeira, P., Pahnke, A. Bellmann, L., 2013. The Extent of Collective Bargaining and Workplace Representation: Transitions between States and their Determinants. A Comparative Analysis of Germany and Great Britain. Scott J Polit Econ, vol. 60, no. 2, pp.182-209. A study into the manner in which collective bargaining is eroding work places particularly in Germany, the authors look at the decline in collective bargaining power in Germany. They have determined that the exploitation of strength in numbers is actually declining and the impact the economic growth of the country is staggering. While there are several studies that speak of a tradeoff between worker structure across subsidiaries and the collective bargaining power of workers who continue to enjoy employment in the company or its subsidiaries at any given point of time. The aim of this article was to compare collective power of workers in Britain with workers in Germany. When comparing the collective power of workers in Britain with that of workers in Germany, it came to light, that the British workers enjoyed a higher negotiating power when compared with the Germans. The loss of bargaining power among the Germans has been attributed to various factors including the loss of employment. The implications of the rise in bargaining power of workersis found to be directly proportional to the income distribution, employments levels, realwage s and output in all monopolistic organizations. This is indirect contrast to the diminishing marginal productivity of labour which states that as duration of labour increases, the productivity decreases marginally. It has been observed lately, that workers no longer feel motivated to relive unions. They are rather looking at a reaching ac compromise and letting matters slide rather than stand up and mobilize together for the protection of their rights. Often, it is noticed that management has taken the initiative to establish a work council as a positive and proactive step towards achieving a protection for its workers. Such work councils, tends to be skewed towards the interests of the management. The post-war growth of trade union movement was unprecedented during the early post war period, which coincided with the growth of the industrial revolution in most of Europe. The trade movement frizzled off significantly during the last decade due to the various socio-economic and geo-politicalchanges happening across the world during the period. Work councils and trade unions were seen as a buffer for most workers. However, this ideology has witnessed a massive change during the past decade and may be attributed to the rise in governmental measures initiated towards public health care and social welfare activities though most of the developed and developing countries. (6). the limitation o this study is lack of secondary information. Unlike other countries across Europe, the revival of the trade union movement was not met with much cheer across Germany, primarily due to the significant drop in the number of workers employed in most factories. German workers have not faced unemployment, per se. Instead they have been redistributed across different verticals and in many instances, been placed in multinational subsidiaries. This has resulted in a significant outflow of union workers leading to a drop in union memberships and culminating in the loss of their collective bargaining power. (8). Yet another change observed on the labour front has been the drop in the number of German workers who have been replaced by cheaper immigrant workers; who are not ready to risk their income in favour of union membership and collective bargaining. Thus, it would be appropriated to conclude that these factors in tandem have resulted in a significant loss of collective bargaining power of German workers across all industries. Addison, J., Teixeira, P., Pahnke, A. Bellmann, L., 2014. The demise of a model? The state of collective bargaining and worker representation in Germany. Economic and Industrial Democracy. vol. 10, no. 1, pp.130-185 A discussion on the impact of the decline of collective bargaining on the private sector in Germany, thisjournal article speaks of the past and present state of worker representation. With many such worker groups, work councils and trade unions shutting shop due to the lack of membership among workers in the country; the impact felt across Germany shows signs of an organic reversal to the pre industrialization days when workers worked as individuals and not teams.Thus, the workers, by virtue of their lack of interest in capitalizing on the power of collective bargaining, have lost a powerful tool with which they were able to negotiate and put forth their demands to the top management. Empirical studies conducted on the topic by several economists have failed to give a logical reasoning to the unprecedented rise and the subsequent drop in trade union strength despite attempts to use several statistical and mathematical tools to understand the logic behind the trend. While the very strength of trade unions has been dependent on the low rate of unemployment as well as high worker density approaching 100 per cent; the last decade saw a significant drop due to the rapid strides in technology, making several jobs redundant. Workers were faced with the challenge of building new skills sets as wellas meeting competition from immigrant workers who were willing to work at lower wages. This resulted inerosion in job security and translated into a drop in workers as wellas trade union memberships. The right to collective bargaining has been granted recognition from all levels, including international human rights which recognized trade unions as a fundamental human right. Collective bargaining has been given the nomenclature of being an essential right of workers and this right has global approval. However, it has been unfortunate that while collective bargaining has been recognized as an activity that enhances human dignity and grants workers the autonomy to influence rules in their place of work, it is not properly exploited in the present day. (5). The advantages of trade unions include a mark up in wages amounting to a value between 5 to 10 per cent in developed countries, besides bringing about equalization in income distribution between unskilled and skilled workers. The German advantage has been on the job problem solving along with flexible working that has contributed to Germanys changing focus from worker groups to individual workers. It has also been observed that work place transitions have also contributed to the decline in collective bargaining. (7). unlike many of its European neighbours, Germany has continued to face an erosion of its collective bargaining power. This erosion does not have any logical or mathematical reasoning to explain the phenomenon.the lament of the demise of collective bargaining cannot be pinpointed on a single factor. Rather, it would be accurate to state that the contribution of several factors has influenced the decline in collective bargaining power in Germany to reach the depths that it is facing today. Hirsch, B. Schnabel, C., 2013. What can we Learn from Bargaining Models about Union Power? The Decline in Union Power in Germany, 1992-2009. The Manchester School, vol. 82, No. 3, pp.347-362. The decline of trade unions and its impact on bargaining models that were well established since the industrial revolution are discussed in this journal article. (3). The various Bargaining models speak of the advantage it bestowed on larger groups who were able to put across their needs and requirements while contributing to the policies that defined and shaped workplace characteristics. The changes in ideologies also saw a shift from collective bargaining to other worker agencies like work councils which are gaining prominence in Germany. The popularity of this model is felt among top management as well, who are able to exert considerable influence over the councils in sharp contrast to the trade unions which were rigid and immovable unless their demands were met. The various bargaining models include distributive bargaining, cooperative bargaining, productivebargaining,and compositebargaining and so on. The commonly observed bargaining model in negotiations involving strong trade unions has been distributive bargaining. They are used to attempt in settling economic matters including wages, bonus, and monetary benefits and so on. This type of bargaining does not involve any offer-counter offer or negotiations. Both parties have a rigid view of what they want and attempt to achieve their objective without considering the opposing party. A highly popular type of bargaining, this model was keenly followed during the peak of the trade union movement. Interestingly, the bargaining mindset that is popular today is a more flexible version called the cooperative bargaining model. Underthis model bothpartiesare willing to negotiate and reach a common ground of agreement as was observed during the recent economic crisis of 2010. While trade unions took a relaxed stand on wage cuts, employers also kept workers on board rather than firing them, thus ensuring a win-win situation for all concerned parties. While many are of the opinion that the decline in union power contributed to the decline in collective bargaining, the root cause lies elsewhere. The factors that contributed to the current state of affairs can be traced back to the high level of machination that was seen in Germany as part of the industrial revolution. With the reducing dependence on human labour, the need to maintain and pamper the workforce was significantly reduced. This coincided with the easy availability of immigrant labour which was not only cheaper, but also less probable of creating unions for its empowerment. This scenario was the prima factor reason for the decline in trade union memberships as well as the union power that was witnessed across Europe during the post war era. Conclusion While the collective bargaining power of workers has undergone a significant shift in Germany, the primary factor that needs consideration is the change in attitude of German workers. These workers now show a marked preference for adopting a softer approach in place of the rigidity associated with collective bargaining seen during the peak of the trade union movement in Europe. The focus has now shifted towards a more symbiotic approach to bargaining rather than an insistence on a more rigid stand. While there are many who argue in favour of this change, particularly in view of the fluid worker movement across borders due to the changes in international laws; several of the advantages that workers enjoyed as partof their rigid stand is lost. References Addison, J., Bryson, A., Teixeira, P., Pahnke, A. and Bellmann, L., 2013. The Extent of Collective Bargaining and Workplace Representation: Transitions between States and their Determinants. A Comparative Analysis of Germany and Great Britain.Scott J Polit Econ, 60(2), pp.182-209. Addison, J., Teixeira, P., Pahnke, A. and Bellmann, L., 2014. The demise of a model?The state of collective bargaining and worker representation in Germany.Economic and Industrial Democracy. Hirsch, B. and Schnabel, C., 2013. What can we Learn from Bargaining Models about Union Power? The Decline in Union Power in Germany, 1992-2009. The Manchester School, 82(3), pp.347-362. Pulignano, V., Doerflinger, N. and De Franceschi, F., 2016. Flexibility and Security within European Labor Markets: The Role of Local Bargaining and the "Trade-Offs" within Multinationals Subsidiaries in Belgium, Britain, and Germany. ILR Review, 69(3), pp.605-630.